به گزارش اداره روابط عمومی و اطلاع رسانی پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی، دکتر حسین احمدی عضو هیات علمی گروه تاریخ و تمدن پژوهشکده فرهنگ و مطالعات اجتماعی پژوهشگاه از سال ۱۳۹۱ فعالیت علمی خود را در این گروه علمی و به عنوان مدیر این گروه آغاز نموده است. ایشان چندی پیش اولین پژوهش خود را با عنوان تاریخ فرهنگی، معرفتشناسی و روششناسی به اتمام رسانده و در دومین تحقیق خود برای پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی به سراغ بحث فرهنگ و قدرت در عصر صفویه رفته است.
از این رو فرصت را غنیمت دانسته و از ایشان خواستیم تا در یادداشتی هرچند کوتاه، به معرفی اثر جدید خود بپردازند که متن یادداشت ایشان در ادامه از منظرتان عبور خواهد کرد.
بسمهتعالی
بنده در راستای حوزه تمحض خود که «تاریخ فرهنگی» است، تحقیقی را با عنوان «فرهنگ و قدرت در عصر صفویه» برای گروه تاریخ و تمدن پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی به رشته تحریر در آوردهام. در این تحقیق ابتدا در قالب یک فصل مبانی نظری بحث تدوین شده و پس از بیان اجمالی انواع تبیین مطرح در علوم مختلف، به معرفی مختصر تبیین در علوم اجتماعی پرداخته شده است. سپس سه گونه نسبت میان فرهنگ و سیاست مورد بررسی و تأمل قرار گرفته و نگارنده از سه وجه مطرح شده- برتری سیاست بر فرهنگ، برتری فرهنگ بر سیاست و رابطه دیالکتیک فرهنگ و سیاست- بر وجه ارتباط دوسویه سیاست و فرهنگ اهتمام ورزیده و در قالب «فرهنگ سیاسی» وجوه مختلف و نسبت متقابل فرهنگ و سیاست هم در ابعاد نظری و هم زمینه تاریخی مورد توجه قرار گرفته و رهیافتهای مطرح در فرهنگ سیاسی ایران- جامعه شناختی، روانشناسانه و تاریخی- به بحث گذاشته شده است.
در فصل دوم تحقیق نیز در آغاز مفهوم قدرت مورد کالبدشکافی و کنکاش قرار گرفته و سپس مساله مشروعیت از دیدگاه غربی، اسلامی و شیعی مورد بحث واقع شده است. در ادامه نیز پیرامون سه رکن مهم مشروعیت بخش پادشاهی صفویه بحث شده است.
در فصل سوم این اثر تحقیقی به تفضیل فرهنگ سیاسی پادشاهی در ایران عصر صفوی مورد بازخوانی قرار گرفته و بر شاخصهها و عناصر مهم آن مانند غلبه فرهنگ خشونت و استیلای فرهنگ حرمسرا و… تأکید شده است.
فصل چهارم تحقیق فرهنگ و قدرت در عصر صفویه به بررسی فرهنگ سیاسی تصوف اختصاص یافته و نگارنده تأثیر فرهنگ صوفیانه را در شکلگیری جنبش صفویه و استمرار و استحکام آن مورد تأمل قرار داده است. در واقع این بررسی هم شامل روند تاریخی جریان تصوف میشود و هم میزان اثرگذاری فرهنگ صوفیانه بر بسیج نیروی قزلباش در قالب فرهنگ مراد مریدی است.
فصل پنجم کتاب فرهنگ و قدرت در عصر صفویه به بررسی فرهنگ سیاسی شیعه در قبل از صفویه و برجستگیهای این فرهنگ در دو قرن حاکمیت صفویه اختصاص دارد. بیشترین کوشش نگارنده در این فصل برجسته کردن نقش علما و فقهای شیعه در تقویت و تعالی فرهنگ ناب شیعه در ایران عصر صفویه است که به عنوان میراثی گرانبها تا به امروز باقی مانده است.
در آخرین فصل این تحقیق نیز فرهنگ سیاسی عامیانه مورد توجه قرار گرفته و تأثیر مذهب شیعه بر فراز و فرود فرهنگ عمومی بررسی شده است. میتوان گفت که فرهنگ عامیانه دوره صفویه متأثر از سه فرهنگ پادشاهی، فرهنگ صوفیانه و فرهنگ تشیع بوده و به فراخور برتری یافتن یکی از این سه فرهنگ، فرهنگ عامیانه نیز رنگ و بوی خاص یافته است.
برخی شاخصههای فرهنگی نیز تابع زمان و مکان نبوده و بر طبق نشانههایی که توسط سیاحان خارجی از آن دوره ثبت و ضبط شده است، انسان ایرانی عصر صفویه در جنبههای اخلاقی و مناسک مذهبی مثال زدنی و در مهمان نوازی و بهرهمندی از مواهب طبیعی و نعمات خدادادی معروف بوده است.
برایند این بحث که بر مبنای رهیافت تاریخ فرهنگی و با عنایت به مساله هویت در زمانه حاضر صورت گرفته است، تأثیر مثبت و مستمر فرهنگ ناب شیعه بر حیات سیاسی انسان ایرانی بوده و بر خلاف سنت تاریخنگارانه شاهانه محور، آنچه که اهمیت تاریخ و فرهنگ صفویه را برای امروز دوچندان میکند، مجاهدت فکری و ممارست فرهنگی علمی دین در استقرار و استمرار مبانی فرهنگ شیعی در آن دوران است.
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