به گزارش اداره روابط عمومی پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی، پنجمین نشست از سلسله نشستهای بررسی ابعاد گوناگون کودتای۲۸ مرداد با عنوان «عملیات آژاکس» با حضور جناب آقای حسین دهباشی مستندساز روز یکشنبه مورخ ۱۲ شهریور ماه جاری در کانون اندیشه جوان برگزارشد.
دهباشی، مستندساز و پژوهشگر تاریخ در این نشست ضمن مهم دانستن پرونده وقایع ۲۸ مرداد به جایگاه تاریخی آن اشاره داشت و گفت: اهمیت وقایع ۲۸ مرداد بیش از آنکه ناشی از اسناد و یافتههای تاریخی باشد موید پختهتر شدن جامعه ایرانی است.
وی تاکید کرد: مجموعه شرایط و موقعیت رجال سیاسی ایران در قرن گذشته به همراه تجربه تاریخی مردم ایران و همچنین سرخوردگیهای ناشی از برکناری رضا شاه، تقلیل کامیابی در ماجرای مشروطیت و شکست از متفقین عاملی شد تا مردم ایران اراده کنند در مقطعی سرنوشت و آینده خود را عهده دار شوند.
دهباشیاظهار داشت: ماجرای ۲۸ مردادماه با برکناری دکتر مصدق شکل و شمایل دیگری پیدا کرد و وقایع، به عناوین مختلفی تحلیل شد. وی افزود: نام گذاری کودتا برای وقایع ۲۸ مرداد از منظری عنوان درستی است چرا که واژه کودتا نوعی جابجایی قدرت با توجه و تاکید بر قوای نظامی است که واقعا چنین اتفاقی در آن زمان افتاده است.
این پژوهشگر تاریخ در ادامه گفت: از منظری نیز چنانکه حکومت پهلوی تلاش میکرد القا کند وقایع ۲۸ مرداد قیام ملی بوده است وکودتا نبوده است-که اتفاقا از منظری این نیز تعبیر درستی است- از جمله تحلیل های تاریخی است که ما با آن مواجهیم.
وی با طرح این سوال که چگونه یک اتفاقی هم کودتا و هم قیام ملی میتواند باشد؟ گفت: این موضوع بستگی به این دارد که از چه زاویهای به آن نگاه کنیم؛ مجموعه آدم هایی که در این ماجرا نقش داشتند بخش هایی از آنها که شهید محسوب میشوند اتفاقا در مقطع دیگری جزء افراد تاریخی بدنام کشور ما هستند.
دهباشیادامه داد: یکی از آنها افشار طوس است که ایشان در واقع وقتی که دزدیده، شکنجه و کشته می شود اینگونه نبوده که تصور کنیم در پیشینه اش در تمامی ادوار زندگی او شخص ملی گرا، میهن دوست و آزادهای بوده باشد.
این مستند ساز اظهار داشت: وقتی شما در رابطه با چهرههای بد ماجرای ۲۸ مرداد صحبت میکنید چه از قوام السلطنه گرفته که در ماجرای یک سال قبل از کودتا، در سی تیر ۱۳۳۱ روبروی اراده ملی،روحانیت و دکتر مصدق قرار می گیرد، شخصی است که بخش بزرگی از تمامیت ارضی مدیون و وامدار او است.
دهباشی تاکید کرد: سپهبد زاهدی یک شخصی است که اگر به پیشینهاش نگاه کنیم، بخش بزرگی از تمامیت ارضی ایران از خوزستان گرفته تا کردستان، از آذربایجان گرفته تا ترکمن صحرا مدیون اقدامات او است و او شخصی است که دوبار توسط استعمارگران انگلیسی تبعید میشود و آسیب های زیادی در این تبعید میبیند.
این پژوهشگر تاریخ در ادامه اشاره داشت: ما وقتی در رابطه با محمد رضاشاه سال ۳۲ صحبت می کنیم در رابطه با یک شاه دیکتاتور، مستبد و بدخواه صحبت نمیکنیم بلکه یک شاه میهن دوست و خوش نام برای مردم آن دوره است با این حال اگرچه کودتای ۲۸ مرداد به شاه ضربه محکمی میزند اما همان تفکر تا ۲۵ سال بعد شاه را همراهی میکند.
دهباشیتاکید کرد: اولین درسی که ما در فلسفه تاریخ میخوانیم این است که رویدادها را در ظرف زمانی خودشان داوری کنیم یعنی در همان مقطع تاریخی به آنها بپردازیم.
این مستند ساز افزود: من هر زمان که خودم را در ظرف زمانی مرداد سال ۳۲ قرار می دهم گمان میکنم که مردمی که توسط نسل های بعد از خود و فرزندان و نوههای خودشان به بدعهدی، سکوت و اعوجاج نظر متهم شدند شاید آنها حق داشتند چرا که در آن مقطع ترس از مواجهه با سلطه اتحاد شوروی، مردم یا باید سکوت کنند یا تن به سلطه نظامی دهند.دهباشی گفت: در همین رابطه به دکتر مصدق هم حق بدهیم چون که فکر نمیکرد قول ایالات متحده پوچ از آب در میآید(طبق تاریخ شفاهی).
وی با بیان اینکه آیت الله کاشانی در نهضت نقش تعیین کننده ای داشت گفت: واقعیت این است که در ۳۰ تیر ماه سال ۱۳۳۱ یقینا اگر آیت الله کاشانی نبود قیام مردم برای جابجایی نخست وزیر به سرانجام نمی رسید واگر به این را سهم داشتن نمی گویند پس سهم داشتن چیست.
دهباشیبا اشاره به گفتگویش در سال ۸۶ با داریوش همایون گفت: داریوش همایون تعبیر جالبی را در مورد انقلاب اسلامی داشت و معتقد بود” انقلاب اسلامی سال ۱۳۵۷ همه را برهنه کرد”، از شاه تا گدا؛ از روشنفکر تا عامی، از نظامی تا روحانی واقعیت و انتهای جامعه را ما دیدیم که در یک چالش اجتماعی افرادی که بسیار مدعی هستند وقتی در معرض امتحان قرار میگیرند چه واکنشی از خود نشان می دهند!
وی در ادامه اضافه کرد: این تعبیر را به طریق اولی و به نحو پررنگتری در مورد نهضت ملی شدن صنعت نفت شاهدیم؛ ماعمق و هدف دربار، ارتش، روحانیت، ملیون و روشنفکران را میفهمیم و به آن پی میبریم که در لحظه تصمیم گیری نیت خیر داشتن کفایت نمیکند و پختگی سیاسی چیزی نیست که بتوانیم آن را با نیت خیر جابه جا یا جایگزین نماییم.
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